TREATMENT

Air or Mountain sickness and Automobile sickness

Appendicitis
Severe and persistent pain(usually with fever, nausea, vomiting), Rapid pulse, pain in the right lower abdomen

Athlete's Foot, ringworm
Fungus which attacks hair, skin and nails, burning, itching
Cracking of skin usually around toes.

Avoid walking barefooted around ahowers, swimming pools etc. and wearing socks or shoes of others.  Soak feet for 10 minutes in a solution of 2 tablespoons of sodium hyposulphate in 1 quart of water.  Allow solution to dry on feet. Dust with powder made of 1 part sodium hyposulphate mixed with 4 parts powdered boric acid before putting on socks.  Keep infected toes separated with absorbent cotton. (Burn cotton after using).

BITES
Animal (Dogs, Cats, Rats, any warm-blooded animal)

Take antitetanus injection, for if tetanus develops it usually fatal.  Drench would with boiled water. Animals should be observed for hydrophobia, if possible.

Ant

Bees, Wasps, Yellow Jackets

Remove stings. Apply 2 drops of solution of soda bicarbonate or dilute ammonia water.  Apply ice or cold cloth wrung with boric acid solution to relieve swelling or pain.  Avoid touching. Squeezing etc.

Human

To avoid infection, scrub wound with soap and water.  Apply antiseptic and wet salt solution.

Low forms of marine life

Clean, wash with solution of 1 part ammonia, 1 part water.  Apply paste of soda bicarbonate and cold cream.

Snakes
Pain, Swelling, discoloration, Later nausea, vomiting, rapid heart-beat, convulsions, paralysis

Keep patient quiet and warm.  Call doctor.  Apply bandage above wound (towards heart), tight enough to make veins swell.  Sterilise knife and cross-cut in form of a X above fang marks to cause free bleeding, don't serve artery, suck wound and apit out fluid.  Repeat for half-an-hour.  If swelling continues, make additional cross-cuts in semicircle above fang marks and apply suction for 15 minutes at each point.  Apply strong solution of potassium-permanganate /antiseptic on wound.  Give coffee or aromatic spirits of ammonia for nausea faintness.  Rush to the nearest hospital.

SCORPION

In the event of swelling apply a tourniquet above wound.  Suck cut as in snake-bite.  Wash wound with potassium permanganate solution.  Apply hot or cold compress to reduce swelling.

BLISTERS CAUSED BY RUBBING

Prevention - Wear gloves while working.  Apply tincture of bensoin on area which may be affected.  Wipe blister with alcohol and antiseptic.  Open with needle sterilized in flame or alcohol.  Apply antiseptic and sterile guaze.

BIOLS

Apply mild antiseptic in moist blotter-like poultice.  Or paint edges with 2 % tincture of iodine, followed by 1 part glycerol and 1 part alcohol.  Hot moist antiseptic dressings with hasten bringing in to a head.  Don't open with pin.  Ioncisions may be made by a doctor after pus has formed.

BRUISES, BLOW OR FALL, BLACK-AND-BLUE MARKS,'BLACK-EYE'

Apply cold compressor several times a day to reduce swelling.  Then apply cloth or heating pad to promote healing.  In case of major bleeding, multiple bruises, call a doctor to determine if there is an internal injury.

BURNS & SCALDS

Let running water flow over the burn area. Call a doctor, if it is serious.  Cover burn area (nerve endings) with thick paste of baking soda and water.

Scalds, sunburn
1st degree - redness
2nd degree- blisters
3rd degree - deep tissue destruction

Use ointments or jellies or tannic acid on 1st degrees burns, only jellies on 2nd degree burns.  Never use tannic acid near eyes.  Until Doctor comes, remove clothing.  Avoid using oils or ointments.  In case of severe burns place patient in bath of salt solution at 95-100 F, even with clothing.

Acid burns
Nitric, sulphuric, Carbolic

Remove acid quickly with running water. Apply solution of 2 teaspoonfuls soda bicarbonate in full glass of water. Treat as burn.

Alkali burns
Caustic Soda, Lye, Ammonia cleaning powders 

Remove alkali quickly with running water.  Apply dilute vinegar or lemon juice.  Treat as burn.

Chills

Put patient to bed with heating pad at feet.  Give hot drinks. If accompanied by fever, call a doctor.

COLDS

Take hot baths, warm drinks, light diet, laxative, aspirin.

Cold sores at lips, usually in fever

Apply camphor ice.

COMA (loss of consciousness)

Until doctor comes, keep patient horizontal.  Don't give anything by mouth.  Give complete rest in a darkened, well-ventilated room.

CONVULSIONS (internal poisoning during pregnancy, tetanus, meningitis, epilepsy). Calmly skin, heavy breathing, twithing muscles, eyes rolled back.  Stiff body.

Put patient to bed in quiet, darkened room, place small piece of wood (clothespin) between patient's teeth to avoid biting tongue.  Raise head on pillow.  Loosen clothing. Call doctor.  Do not give enema.  Put nothing in patient's mouth.

COUGHS

Do not use powerful drugs to suppress cough.  Use mild preparations loike Cofrem-5.

CUTS  -  Open wounds

If a nerve is cut, call a doctor.  Wash dirt from wound with alcohol, swabbing away from the centre of the wound.  Apply antiseptic.  Apply iodine in one stroke, allow to dry before bandaging.  Apply sterile gauze and affix with tape to press cut edges together.  Never apply iodine near eyes.  Never apply adhesive tape directly over iodine.

DIARRHEA

Bland food, Banana, Coconut water, Buttermilk, if persistent call a doctor.

DISLOCATIONS, TORN LIGAMENTS (shoulder, hip, jaw, fingers): this causes pain, stiffness and swelling followed by discoloration.

Apply cold compress. Consult doctor.

EAR-ACHE
infection of middle ear.  May follow cold, influenza, measles, dipheria etc.

Call doctor, especially for child.  Report temperature and pulse.  Keep head raised.  Do not put anything in the ear until examined by doctor. Relieve pain by applying ice bag or hot water bottle whichever gives relief.

ELECTRIC SHOCK

Switch off mains immediately. Remove live wire (or patient from live wire) with dry stick rubber gloves, dry cloth or newspaper as insulation.  Give artificial respiration.  If necessary.  When conscious give solution of 1 teaspoonful of aromatic spirits of ammonia in a glass of water.  Place pillow at neck, so that the head falls backward.  Losen clothing.  Rub arms and legs virorously.  Call doctor.

EPILEPSY
Strong jerking movements, Forth from Mouth.  Loss of breathing and a bluish tinge to the face

Prevent patient form injuring himself or his surroundings.  But do not restrain him.  Insert a cloth between his teeth to prevent him biting his tongue.  Loosen tight collar, keep him warm.

EYE - Foreign body in the eye-enter, dirt, steel

Remove at once to avoid abrasion, scars.  Don't rub eye.  Remove object, placing matchstick over lid with one hand and pull the matchstick gently.  Locate dirt and remove sterile cotton at edge of toothpick soaked with castor oil or medicinal paraffin or apply boric acid solution.  If not located, call a doctor.  Cover both eyes with gauze soaked in cold water.

Eye-inflamation of eye-lid membrane, searing pus, irritation, itching

Wash with solution of boric acid to keep eye free of secretions.  Penicillin ointment applied on the inner eyelid usually clears condition in a few days.

FAINTING
Vomiting, weakness, fatique, fright, excessive joy

If patient is sitting, place head between knees, if lying down, keep head or shoulders below body.  Allow ample ventilation.  Loosen clothes.  Hold smelling salts of ammonia to nostrills, but not too close.  Dash cold water on patient's face.  Keep patient lying till fully recovered

FRACTURES
(crack or break in bone)

Don't move patient except when necessary.  Doctor will X-ray and set bone applying a splint.  First a board, newspaper, piller or blanket may be made into a splint and bandages tied except at the point of breaks.  Avoid movement for spine injury.  Don't change position, if elbow is broken.

FREEZING
(frost-note) ears, nose, fingers, toes, numbness

Keep in cool or cold place until affected parts have thawed to a red or normal colour. Wrap in cotton or treat as first degree burn If skin blisters, call doctor.

GAS POISONING
Headache, dizziness, drowsiness, rapid heart-beat, nausea, vomiting, sometimes unconsciousness

Place patient outdoors or in best-ventilated position available.  Keep warm with blankets and heating pads.  Loosen clothing.  Pillow under neck so that head falls back.  Rub arm and legs virorously.

HANGOVER

Epson salt or 1 tablespoonful of bicarbonate of soda in a glass of water, liquid diet, sedative, strong black coffee, cold shower.

HEAT EXHAUSTION- faintness, cramps, diarrhea, rapid but weak heart-beat, subnormal temperature.

Take salt tablets, drink water.  Call doctor.  Place patient on back near open window, head level or lower. Loosen clothing, rub arms and legs vigorously. Give salt tablets or teaspoonful of table salt with pint of water or in orange juice.  If the cause is severe/serious, give 1/2 teaspoonful of aromatic spirits of ammonia in 1/4 glass of water or tea or coffee. Place heating pad at feet.  Keep patient quiet. Degestible diet.

HEAD INJURY
(unconsciousness) skull fracture, blow at jaw, blow ata lower spine.  Slow heart-beat and breathing, somethimes bleeding from nose or ears.

Before doctor comes, place patient on a flat surface, head elevated.  Apply ice packs to head.  Treat wound (Never use iodine on a skull injury).  Don't stop ear or nose bleeding.  If patient can move, transport in flat position.  Avoid stimulants.

HYSTERIA

Be firm.  Strong command may serve to stop it.  Hold strong ammonia inhalant close to nose.  Consult doctor.

INDIGESTION

Distinguish from heart attack.  Apply heating pad to upper abdomen.  Give soda bicarbonate in water, then peppermint water.  Give enema.

INFECTION

Call a doctor.  Apply hot salt solution compresses made with 4 tablespoons of salt in quart boiling water, change compresses to keep hot.

NASAL DISCHARGE
Cold, Sinus infection

Don't use oil solution in drops or sprays. Apply Cloth soaked in hot water.  Take ephedrin in water, if doctor prescribes.

NOSE - foreign bodies

Don't blow out. Irrigate with solution of 1/2 teaspoonful of salt in warm water.  If object absorbs water, try a few drops of olive or mineral oil.  If persistent, call doctor.

NOSEBLEED
Blows, crying, tumors, menstruation, kidney disease, high blood pressure, skull fracture, etc.

Press nostrils together for 5 minutes.  Let patient be seated and apply cold cloth.  Keep head elevated and back.  Raise arms over head.  Patient to breathe through mouth and expectorate blood.  Apply cloth wrung in cold water, or press nostrils gently with fingers.  If bleeding persists, insert cotton plugs, call a doctor.

POISON
Swallowed

Call doctor.  Dilute the poision by makling the patient drink liquids.  Cause vomiting by putting fingers down the throat or giving an ernetic.  Give an antidote after stomach has been washed out.

PULLED/TORN MUSCLES

Rest, apply heat, liniments.  After some recovery, exercise actively.

SHOCK
Victim pale and weak.  Clammy skin, perspiration on upper lip and forehead

Keep covered and lying down, feet raised higher than body.  Give no fluid if unconscious or complaining of abdominal pain.  Tap water, if fully conscious.

SPRAINS
(tear or stretch of ligaments)

Take X-ray. Elevate injured joint and keep immobile.  Apply cold compresses to reduce swelling, then apply heat to promote healing.  If able, apply a snug bandage after swelling is subsided.

STRAINS
Injuries to muscles, ligaments, tendons

Rub gently, to stimulate circulation. Rub to create heat.

STIFF NECK

Apply hot compresses or pad and massage gently with liniment two or three times a day.  Take 2-3 aspirins.

SUN STROKE
Flushed face, enlarged pupils, dry skin, head-ache or dizziness, nausea, vomiting, unconsciousness.

Place patient in cool place with head elevated.  Call a doctor.  Remove clothing.  Sponge body with cool water.  Give cold water to drink.  Avoid stimulants.  Apply cold compresses or cracked ice to head. In severe cases, immerse patient in cold bath or wrap in cold, wet sheets and fan him.  Continue to apply ice bags.

SWALLOWING FOREIGN BODIES
Dangerous when in air passages.  Violent coughing and choking.  Bluish facial discoloration.

Call your doctor.  Handle gently and calmly.  If unable to swallow food or liquids do not delay in getting to your doctor or a hospital.

THROAT
 - foreign body in throat

Place patient with shoulders hanging down over couch.  Slap vigorously between shoulders to dislodge object.  Produce vomiting to expel it.  Call doctor.

VOMITING

Find the cause.  Rest stomach for few hours.  Give cereal (sweetened barley water etc.) Don't give milk.  If persistent, call doctor.

MOUTH-TO-MOUTH RESUSCITATION

If victim's breathing has stopped, remove any foreign matter lodged in mouth or throat (make sure tongue is not obstructing throat) and begin mouth-to-mouth resuscitation immediately.  A doctor should be called at once.

1. Lift victim's neck and extend the head with other hand to open air passage.  Pull chin upward until head is tilted back fully.  Close victim's nostrils with thumb and forefinger to prevent air leakage when inflating lungs.

2. Place your mouth firmly over victim's mouth (for small child, place mouth over both nose and mouth), blow hard until chest rises (infants and small childred need only small puffs of air).

3. Disengage and let victim exhale through mouth or nose.  Continue blowing once every 5 seconds until victim revives (for small children, once every 3 seconds). After revival, patient should take rest for at least one hour.